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    If descriptions had meaning only in propositional context... — Carmelics
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    Supports→Russell's Principia argument that descriptions such as 'the author of Waverly' have no meaning in isolation relies on a flawed assumption

    If descriptions had meaning only in propositional context as Russell insists, substitution of co-denoting terms would preserve all semantic value, yet such substitutions demonstrably alter informational and cognitive content.

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    Key Terms

    Informational content(what divine omniscience depends on having)
    The actual meaningful information or truth that a statement or belief contains.
    Propositional context(Terms need meaning within full statements (propositions), not just floating alone)
    A complete statement or sentence that makes a claim that can be true or false. For example, 'The cat is sleeping' is a proposition; just saying 'cat' isn't.
    Russell
    # Russell Russell most commonly refers to **Bertrand Russell**, a highly influential British philosopher, logician, and social critic (1872-1970) who fundamentally changed how we think about logic, language, and knowledge. He's famous for showing that common-sense reasoning can contain hidden contradictions and for arguing that philosophy should use the precision of mathematics to solve problems. Russell also became a prominent public intellectual who wrote about everything from religion to nuclear weapons, making him one of the most important thinkers of the 20th century.
    co-denoting terms(terms being substituted in the argument)

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    Different words or phrases that point to or refer to the same thing—like how 'the morning star' and 'the evening star' both refer to the planet Venus.
    cognitive content(Humean empiricist semantics)
    The meaningful idea annexed to a term, which must ultimately be traceable to original impressions.
    descriptions(how ordinary people understand what proper names refer to)
    Phrases that pick out a person or thing by listing their qualities—like 'the tallest building in the world' instead of just saying 'Burj Khalifa.'
    semantic value(A term lacking semantic value renders sentences containing it proposition-less)
    The contribution a term makes to the proposition expressed by a sentence containing it; absent when the term fails to refer to any real property or kind
    substitution(Central figure in Otherwise than Being for the ethical structure of subjectivity; OBBE: 113–124)
    A passive mode of selfhood in which the self is displaced or burdened by the other — carrying what it cannot identify as properly its own.

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    Truth & Knowledge1 linkedPhilosophy of Language1 linked

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    Russell's Principia argument that descriptions such as 'the author of Waverly' h...

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