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    If God is genuinely identical with esse subsistens as Aqu... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→God must be both Being (esse) and a being (id quod est).

    If God is genuinely identical with esse subsistens as Aquinas claims, then the requirement that God also be 'a being' reintroduces the very composition divine simplicity was invoked to eliminate.

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    Key Terms

    Aquinas
    Thomas Aquinas was a medieval Italian priest and philosopher (1225-1274) who became one of the most influential thinkers in Western history. He attempted to show that Christian faith and human reason are compatible, arguing that we can use logic and observation to understand God and the natural world. His ideas deeply shaped Catholic theology and continue to influence how religious and secular institutions think about ethics, knowledge, and the relationship between science and belief.
    Esse subsistens(Latin philosophical term for God's nature)
    A Latin phrase meaning 'self-subsistent being'—the idea that God's very existence is pure being itself, not dependent on anything else or anyone else for existing.
    Identical with(used to ask whether a playwright in an alternate scenario is actually Russell)
    Being the exact same person or thing, not just similar—in philosophy, this raises the question of what makes someone 'the same person' across different scenarios.
    composition(Zabarella's method as commonly described)

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    The movement back from causes to effects.
    divine simplicity(Central to both Malebranche's theodicy and his epistemology)
    A divine attribute functioning as a side constraint on God's actions, requiring God to act through simple means.

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    Divine Attributes1 linked

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    God must be both Being (esse) and a being (id quod est).

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