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    If God is the sole true cause, human agents cannot be gen... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→Vulgar (second) causes are merely occasions upon which God produces effects according to established methods and laws.

    If God is the sole true cause, human agents cannot be genuinely responsible for their actions, collapsing moral accountability into divine determinism.

    ?Rate how convincing each reason is below to see the overall strength.
    1 reason for
    1 reason against

    Reasons For

    1 perspective
    Reason for
    ?
    • 1.If God is omniscient, God knows all future actions before humans perform them, making those actions predetermined rather than free.
      ?

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    • 2.Genuine moral responsibility requires the ability to have done otherwise; predetermined actions eliminate this capacity.
      ?

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    • 3.If all causation ultimately traces to God's will, human agents are instruments of divine intention, not independent moral agents.
      ?

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    Reasons Against

    1 perspective
    Reason against
    ?
    • 1.Divine foreknowledge of human choices need not cause those choices; God knowing what you'll freely choose doesn't make it unfree.
      ?

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    • 2.Responsibility requires acting on one's own desires and reasoning, which humans do even if God sustains existence—divine and human causation can coexist.
      ?

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    • 3.The argument conflates metaphysical dependence on God with causal determination by God; these are distinct concepts requiring separate justification.
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    Causation1 linkedDivine Attributes1 linked

    Related

    Divine foreknowledge of human choices need not cause those choices; God knowing ...Genuine moral responsibility requires the ability to have done otherwise; predet...If God is omniscient, God knows all future actions before humans perform them, m...If all causation ultimately traces to God's will, human agents are instruments o...
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    Responsibility requires acting on one's own desires and reasoning, which humans ...The argument conflates metaphysical dependence on God with causal determination ...Vulgar (second) causes are merely occasions upon which God produces effects acco...

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    Perspectives
    2 (1 for, 1 against)
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