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    If God timelessly knows proposition P, then God's knowing... — Carmelics
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    Supports→The timelessness solution to the dilemma of foreknowledge and freedom is unsuccessful.

    If God timelessly knows proposition P, then God's knowing P is not earlier, later, or simultaneous with any human act, making it conceptually impossible for God's knowledge to be counterfactually dependent on what agents freely do.

    ?Rate how convincing each reason is below to see the overall strength.
    1 reason for
    1 reason against

    Reasons For

    1 perspective
    Reason for
    ?
    • 1.Timeless knowledge means God's knowing occurs outside the temporal sequence where human acts occur, creating a logical gap for dependence relations.
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    • 2.Counterfactual dependence requires the dependee to be temporally positioned to influence or respond to the dependent fact, which timelessness precludes.
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    • 3.If God's knowledge were counterfactually dependent on free acts, God's knowledge would be conditionally determined by temporal events, contradicting timelessness.
      ?

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    Reasons Against

    1 perspective
    Reason against
    ?
    • 1.Counterfactual dependence may not require temporal relations—God could timelessly 'respond' to what agents freely do without prior or posterior timing.
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    • 2.The claim conflates epistemic simultaneity with temporal simultaneity; timeless knowledge might have a distinct non-temporal dependency structure.
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    • 3.If God's knowledge constitutively depends on facts about free human choices, this dependency holds regardless of whether God exists timelessly or temporally.
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    Key Terms

    Conceptually impossible(as describing how akrasia would be if knowledge and action were unified)
    Something that couldn't even exist as an idea or concept—it would be logically contradictory to imagine it.
    Counterfactually dependent(used to describe the relationship between God's belief and human choice)
    When one thing relies on what would have happened in an imaginary situation that didn't actually occur—like saying 'my grade depends on what would have happened if I'd studied harder.'
    Free will (or freely do)(referring to human capacity for choice and action)
    The ability to make genuine choices that aren't forced or completely determined by outside forces or God's plan.
    Timelessness (or God's timelessness)(describing God's relationship to knowledge and time)
    The idea that God exists outside of time entirely, rather than moving through past, present, and future like humans do.
    knowledge(Distinguished from mere true belief, which may be the product of indoctrination and need not exercise deliberative capacities.)
    Justified true belief — true belief that has been arrived at through the exercise of deliberative capacities, including comparison of and deliberation among alternatives.
    proposition(Used in the context of a semantic theory sensitive to differences in subject matter.)
    The content expressed by a sentence, individuated at least in part by the subject matter of the sentence and the contents of its subsentential expressions.

    Connections

    1 topic

    Free Will & Foreknowledge1 linked

    Related

    Counterfactual dependence may not require temporal relations—God could timelessl...Counterfactual dependence requires the dependee to be temporally positioned to i...If God's knowledge constitutively depends on facts about free human choices, thi...If God's knowledge were counterfactually dependent on free acts, God's knowledge...

    Details

    Type
    claim
    Perspectives
    2 (1 for, 1 against)
    Edits
    1 edit
    +3 moreShow less
    The claim conflates epistemic simultaneity with temporal simultaneity; timeless ...The timelessness solution to the dilemma of foreknowledge and freedom is unsucce...Timeless knowledge means God's knowing occurs outside the temporal sequence wher...