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    If indeterminacy is located in the objects rather than re... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→There can be no vague or indeterminate identity between distinct objects (in the sense that vaguely identical objects must be absolutely distinct).

    If indeterminacy is located in the objects rather than representations, distinct objects can share indeterminate identity without contradiction, since classical logic does not straightforwardly apply.

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    Key Terms

    Identity(Adams treats identity statements as a variety of atomic formula rather than a logical truth exempt from existence presuppositions)
    A relation between an object and itself, expressed as an atomic formula (a=a), subject to the same existence-entailment conditions as other atomic predicates under GSA
    Law of Non-contradiction(Used as an alternative to Excluded Middle in deriving Russell's paradox)
    The logical principle that a proposition and its negation cannot both be true, formalized as ~(P ∧ ~P)
    Ontology(Carnap argues this enterprise is based on a mistake)
    The philosophical discipline that tries to answer hard questions about what there really is.
    Representations(as used in epistemology and philosophy of mind)
    Mental images, ideas, or thoughts that stand in for things in the world—essentially, how your mind depicts or understands reality.

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    classical logic(Contrasted with Hegel's dialectical approach that accepts contradictions)
    Aristotelian logic that dominated during Hegel's lifetime
    contradiction(Relevant to distinguishing contradictions from false contingent statements in the logic student variant of the preface paradox.)
    A statement that is necessarily false in all interpretations; in this context, specifically the negation of a tautology or any falsehood drawn from a list containing only tautologies and contradictions.
    indeterminacy(Decision-making under uncertainty in political and legal contexts)
    Uncertainty or lack of definite knowledge afflicting one or more conditions of a decision procedure, making it impossible to fully specify choices and their outcomes

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    Modality & Possibility1 linkedPhilosophy of Language1 linked

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    There can be no vague or indeterminate identity between distinct objects (in the...

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