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    If non-human free agents are responsible for natural evil... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→The free will defense does not provide a complete solution to the problem of evil.

    If non-human free agents are responsible for natural evil, then the free will defense applies to the full range of evils, not merely moral evil produced by humans.

    ?Rate how convincing each reason is below to see the overall strength.
    1 reason for
    1 reason against

    Reasons For

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    Reason for
    ?
    • 1.If free will is genuinely valuable, it must extend to all agents capable of choice, including non-human entities, without arbitrary limitation.
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    • 2.The free will defense's logical structure applies universally: any agent with libertarian freedom can produce evil as a necessary consequence of that freedom.
      ?

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    • 3.Restricting free will defense only to humans while positing non-human free agents creates an ad hoc inconsistency in theodicy.
      ?

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    Reasons Against

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    Reason against
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    • 1.Non-human agents (demons, angels) are typically understood as having different metaphysical properties than humans, so identical defenses may not apply.
      ?

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    • 2.An omnipotent creator could prevent non-human agents from causing evil while preserving their freedom in ways impossible for human moral development.
      ?

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    • 3.The empirical basis of the free will defense rests on human moral agency; extending it to hypothetical non-human agents lacks grounding in observable reality.
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    An omnipotent creator could prevent non-human agents from causing evil while pre...If free will is genuinely valuable, it must extend to all agents capable of choi...Non-human agents (demons, angels) are typically understood as having different m...Restricting free will defense only to humans while positing non-human free agent...
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    The empirical basis of the free will defense rests on human moral agency; extend...The free will defense does not provide a complete solution to the problem of evi...The free will defense's logical structure applies universally: any agent with li...

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