If passions are constitutively good or evil rather than instrumentally so, the premise that good and evil require reference to an end is itself contestable within the broader ancient tradition.

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Constitutively good or evil(as used in ethics): Something that is good or bad in its very nature or essence, rather than because of what it leads to or produces.
Contestable(describing the status of historical evidence): Open to debate or disagreement; something people can reasonably argue against.
End (as in 'reference to an end')(as used in ethics and metaphysics): A goal, purpose, or final outcome that something is aimed at or supposed to achieve.
Instrumentally good or evil(as used in ethics): Something that is good or bad because of what it helps you achieve or what results it produces, not because of what it is in itself.
Premise: A premise is a statement or fact that you assume to be true as a starting point for reasoning or making an argument. Think of it as the foundation or building block you use to reach a conclusion—for example, "All dogs are animals" and "My pet is a dog" are premises that lead to the conclusion "My pet is an animal." Premises are essentially the evidence or claims you offer before drawing a final conclusion.
The ancient tradition(as used in philosophy history): A reference to ancient Greek and Roman philosophy (roughly 500 BCE to 500 CE), including thinkers like Plato, Aristotle, and the Stoics.
passions(Distinguishes passions as states of maximal engagement of the soul's lower cognitive and appetitive faculties): States in which almost the entire lower power of cognition and desire is engaged

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