If perdurantism is true, personal identity over time reduces to relations between stages, but Chisholm and van Inwagen argue no such purely relational account can ground the strict numerical identity that rationality and moral responsibility require.
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A 20th-century American philosopher known for developing detailed theories about knowledge, justified belief, and how much evidence we need to believe something.
Stages(as used in metaphysics)
In perdurantism, the different time-slices or versions of an object as it exists at different moments.
Strict numerical identity(as the traditional view that Parfit challenges)
The idea that you are one unique, unchanging person with a clear, countable existence—that identity is an all-or-nothing thing rather than something that comes in degrees.