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    If the axiom base is S3 rather than S5, singular truths e... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→If a strongly necessary being such as Allah exists, then certain singular logical truths—such as 'something exists if Allah exists'—are themselves strongly necessary.

    If the axiom base is S3 rather than S5, singular truths entailed by a being's existence inherit only the modal strength S3 licenses, which falls short of strong necessity as standardly defined by Plantinga and others.

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    Key Terms

    Axiom base(in modal logic)
    A set of basic starting assumptions that a logical system is built on; think of it as the foundational rules that everything else follows from.
    Plantinga
    Alvin Plantinga is an American philosopher best known for his work on the philosophy of religion, particularly his arguments defending religious belief as rational and reasonable. He developed influential ideas about how people can rationally believe in God without needing scientific proof, arguing that faith and reason aren't necessarily in conflict. His work has shaped modern religious philosophy and made him one of the most important Christian philosophers of the past 50 years.
    S3 and S5(in modal logic systems)
    These are names for different formal logical systems that have different rules about what kinds of truths are possible; S5 is stronger and more restrictive than S3.
    entailed(as used in logic)
    When one thing logically forces another thing to be true—if the first is true, the second must be true too.

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    modal(in logic and metaphysics)
    Dealing with possibility and necessity—questions about what could be true, what must be true, and what's merely contingent (could go either way).
    strong necessity(The standard notion of necessity; restored for some logical truths under truth-at-a-world semantics)
    A proposition is strongly necessary if it is true at every possible world (□p)

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    Modality & Possibility1 linkedDivine Attributes1 linked

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    If a strongly necessary being such as Allah exists, then certain singular logica...

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