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    If the making-probable relation is a brute given of acqua... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→Grasping the second horn of Tucker's dilemma—accepting that the making-probable relation is necessary—is a plausible reply that does not collapse into phenomenal conservatism.

    If the making-probable relation is a brute given of acquaintance, then the view is structurally identical to Pryor's dogmatism, which Fumerton's acquaintance theory was explicitly designed to surpass.

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    Key Terms

    Brute given(epistemology (theory of knowledge))
    Something that just exists as a basic fact without needing further explanation—like how you directly experience the color red without having to prove it exists first.
    Fumerton's acquaintance theory(epistemology)
    A theory by philosopher Richard Fumerton claiming that genuine knowledge requires direct, immediate awareness of both facts and the connections between them.
    Making-probable relation(epistemology)
    The relationship where one thing makes another thing more likely to be true—for example, seeing dark clouds makes rain more probable.
    Pryor's dogmatism(epistemology)
    A theory by philosopher Jim Pryor arguing that we can be directly justified in believing what we perceive without needing additional reasons or evidence.

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    Structurally identical(as used in metaphysics)
    Having exactly the same arrangement, properties, and characteristics; being impossible to tell apart by any description or measurement.
    acquaintance(Russell's epistemology of singular reference)
    Russell's form of demonstrative identification, in which a subject is directly presented with an object (typically sense data) rather than an extra-mental individual
    epistemology(Contrasted with purely descriptive scientific inquiry)
    A normative enterprise that tells us how we ought to reason from evidence and how we ought to justify our beliefs, as distinct from merely describing how we do reason or justify beliefs

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    Grasping the second horn of Tucker's dilemma—accepting that the making-probable ...

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