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    If the phantasma's intelligible structures are pre-formed... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→Intellection is not a process automatically determined by exterior impulse, but depends essentially on human will and intention

    If the phantasma's intelligible structures are pre-formed by a universal external intellect, the patibilis intellect's 'selection' operates only within a range it did not itself constitute.

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    Key Terms

    Constitute(metaphysics)
    To be the parts or components that make up something—like how ingredients constitute a cake.
    Intelligible structures(epistemology (theory of knowledge))
    The underlying patterns or organizational rules of something that your mind can understand or grasp intellectually.
    Pre-formed(metaphysics)
    Already shaped or organized beforehand, rather than being created fresh in the moment.
    Selection(as the mechanism being applied across different domains)
    A process where certain traits or characteristics survive and spread because they work better than others, like how the strongest animals are more likely to survive and have offspring.
    Universal external intellect(medieval Islamic and Christian philosophy)

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    In medieval philosophy, a single supreme mind (often God or a divine intelligence) that exists outside individual people and structures all reality.
    patibilis intellect(Zabarella's epistemology and philosophy of mind)
    Zabarella's term for the human intellect, redefined as both active and passive — capable of selecting, abstracting, judging, and thereby becoming itself the object of knowledge — in contrast to the traditional purely passive 'possible intellect' (possibilis)
    phantasma(Zabarella's epistemology of intellection)
    A sensory image or representation gained through sense-perception; material in nature and therefore containing the universal structure required for scientific knowledge only in a confused and unintelligible way.

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    Free Will & Foreknowledge1 linkedConsciousness & Mind1 linked

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    Intellection is not a process automatically determined by exterior impulse, but ...

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