If what is heard is a numerically distinct surrogate event, the argument from loudspeakers fails to establish that one hears without an environmental cause—there is always a present cause, just not the intended one.

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argument from loudspeakers(in epistemology and philosophy of perception): A philosophical thought experiment about hearing: if you hear music from a loudspeaker, are you really hearing the original musicians or just hearing a replacement sound? This debates whether you need a direct connection to the original source to truly 'hear' something.
environmental cause(in causation and perception): Something in the world around you that directly makes something happen—like sound waves from a live musician traveling through the air to your ear.
numerically distinct(Used to characterize the parts of the Form that must exist separately in each participant): Being distinct in the sense of being different individual tokens, not merely different in kind or quality.
surrogate event(in epistemology and philosophy of perception): A substitute or stand-in event that takes the place of the original thing you actually wanted to experience.

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