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    J.L. Austin demonstrated that 'looks,' 'seems,' and 'appe... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→We never directly experience material things; every experience has sense-data rather than material things as its objects.

    J.L. Austin demonstrated that 'looks,' 'seems,' and 'appears' locutions do not entail an inner sense-datum object, only a qualified perceptual claim about the world.

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    Reasons For

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    • 1.Austin's ordinary language analysis shows 'seems' reports how objects appear relative to conditions, not private mental objects.
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    • 2.Sense-datum theory creates an epistemological gap between perception and world that linguistic analysis of actual usage dissolves.
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    • 3.When we say 'it looks red,' we make a qualified claim about the object itself under specific perceptual circumstances, not about a datum.
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    Reasons Against

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    • 1.Austin conflates linguistic meaning with metaphysical claims about what perception actually involves—usage doesn't settle ontology.
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    • 2.Hallucinations and illusions create epistemic scenarios where 'looks' locutions apply but no qualified world-claim can be defended.
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    • 3.Austin's argument dismisses rather than refutes internalist accounts of how perceptual seeming might still require representational content.
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    Consciousness & Mind1 linkedPerception1 linked

    Related

    Austin conflates linguistic meaning with metaphysical claims about what percepti...Austin's argument dismisses rather than refutes internalist accounts of how perc...Austin's ordinary language analysis shows 'seems' reports how objects appear rel...Hallucinations and illusions create epistemic scenarios where 'looks' locutions ...
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    Sense-datum theory creates an epistemological gap between perception and world t...We never directly experience material things; every experience has sense-data ra...When we say 'it looks red,' we make a qualified claim about the object itself un...

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