John Dupré's promiscuous realism and David Hull's process ontology demonstrate that biological species lack the homeostatic property clusters Boyd requires for natural kind membership.
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A Cornell philosopher who developed the theory that words like 'good' refer to actual natural properties in the world that help humans live well, rather than being defined by their descriptions.
natural kind(Used to argue that schizophrenia fails to qualify because it is a heterogeneous conjunction of distinct pathologies, not a unified entity)
A category that carves nature at its joints — a real, unified class of phenomena sharing a common underlying nature or pathology
process ontology(Proposed as an alternative to particle and field interpretations of QFT)
An ontological approach to QFT that takes processes rather than particles or fields as the fundamental entities
promiscuous realism(Dupré 1996)
The view that as knowledge grows and practical interests shift, classifications can multiply and even cross-classify the same kinds, and this is acceptable so long as the kinds do the predictive or explanatory work intended for them in the context intended