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Inverse View
It is not the case that Justice, understood as the rules governing human intercourse, is grounded in the need to avoid distress.
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Reasons For
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Reason for 1 of 2
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1.
Plato's Republic demonstrates that justice is a functional harmony of soul and city, not a contractual instrument for pain-avoidance.
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2.
If justice were merely distress-avoidance, the perfectly unjust man who escapes detection would have no reason to be just, contradicting our firm moral intuitions.
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Reason for 2 of 2
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1.
Kant argues that justice is grounded in respect for rational autonomy, making its authority categorical and independent of any contingent desires including distress.
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2.
A distress-based account makes justice merely instrumental, but Kant's Formula of Humanity forbids treating persons as means, a constraint that holds even when injustice would produce no distress.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Justice is a contract among humans to avoid suffering harm from one another.
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2.
Injustice produces fear and distress in the wrongdoer.
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3.
Avoiding distress is the fundamental motivation in Epicurean moral psychology.
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