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    Kaplan's own framework distinguishes necessity (truth at ... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→The property 'actually being on David's right' is a necessary property of Paul, not a contingent one.

    Kaplan's own framework distinguishes necessity (truth at all worlds) from what is merely 'dthat'-fixed: a rigidified description is not thereby metaphysically necessary (Kaplan, 'Demonstratives', 1989).

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    Key Terms

    Demonstratives(philosophy of language)
    Words that point to or identify something based on context, like 'this,' 'that,' 'these,' or 'those.'
    Kaplan(the statement refers to his specific argument)
    David Kaplan is a philosopher who studied how words like 'I,' 'here,' and 'now' work—words whose meaning depends on who's speaking and when they're speaking.
    Metaphysically necessary(as used in modal metaphysics)
    Something that must be true in all possible ways the world could be; it's not just true in our world but couldn't possibly be false in any imaginable scenario.
    Necessity (in philosophy)(describing what kind of claim is being made about supernatural things)
    Something that must be true or must exist; it couldn't possibly be otherwise (as opposed to something that just happens to be true but could have been different).

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    dthat(a technical term Kaplan used in his framework)
    A special operator Kaplan invented in his work on demonstratives that 'freezes' what a description refers to, locking it to a particular thing.
    rigidified description(Philosophy of language; debate over whether proper names are equivalent to such descriptions)
    A definite description modified (typically by the 'actual' operator) so that it designates the same individual in all possible worlds, intended to mimic the referential behavior of proper names
    truth at all worlds(another way of saying something is necessary)
    A statement that would be true no matter what the circumstances were—even if reality had turned out completely differently.

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    Modality & Possibility1 linkedPersonal Identity1 linked

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    The property 'actually being on David's right' is a necessary property of Paul, ...

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