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    LoyalLoyalJusticeJustice
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    Knowledge requires justification as a third condition bey... — Carmelics
    Home/Truth & Knowledge
    HistoryEditSee Inverse

    Knowledge requires justification as a third condition beyond truth and belief.

    Truth & Knowledge
    ?Rate how convincing each reason is below to see the overall strength.
    1 reason for
    2 reasons against

    Reasons For

    1 perspective
    Reason for
    ?
    • 1.A knower S may correctly believe proposition p merely by luck.
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    • 2.Accidental or lucky true belief does not constitute knowledge.
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    • 3.A third condition is needed that excludes lucky true belief by requiring S's belief to be justifiably or appropriately held.
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    Reasons Against

    2 perspectives
    Reason against 1 of 2
    ?
    • 1.Gettier (1963) demonstrated that justified true belief is insufficient for knowledge via counterexamples where justification and truth coincide accidentally.
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    • 2.If justification fails to reliably distinguish knowledge from mere lucky true belief in Gettier cases, it cannot serve as the necessary third condition.
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    • 3.The failure of JTB across Gettier cases suggests knowledge requires a different fourth condition (e.g., safety, sensitivity, or proper function), not justification alone.
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    Reason against 2 of 2
    ?
    • 1.Reliabilist accounts (Goldman 1979) hold that knowledge requires belief produced by a reliable cognitive process, not justification in any internalist sense.
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    • 2.An agent can lack internalist justification yet possess knowledge when their true belief is formed via a reliably truth-conducive mechanism.
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    • 3.If reliably produced true belief constitutes knowledge without requiring justification, then justification is not a necessary third condition for knowledge.
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    Topics

    Truth & Knowledge

    Key Terms

    knowledge(Distinguished from mere true belief, which may be the product of indoctrination and need not exercise deliberative capacities.)
    Justified true belief — true belief that has been arrived at through the exercise of deliberative capacities, including comparison of and deliberation among alternatives.

    Connections

    1 topic

    Skepticism2 linked

    Related

    A knower S may correctly believe proposition p merely by luck.A third condition is needed that excludes lucky true belief by requiring S's bel...Accidental or lucky true belief does not constitute knowledge.An agent can lack internalist justification yet possess knowledge when their tru...
    +5 moreShow less
    Gettier (1963) demonstrated that justified true belief is insufficient for knowl...If justification fails to reliably distinguish knowledge from mere lucky true be...

    Similar

    Propositional justification is a condition that holds even if the subj...87%Knowledge requires justification.87%Doxastic justification requires that the belief be properly based on t...84%This means any belief in a necessary truth counts as foundationally ju...83%

    Source

    AI-extracted1/3 agreementValid
    SEP: epistemology
    View source passageHide passage
    Whenever a knower (S) knows some fact (p), several conditions must obtain. A proposition that S doesn’t even believe cannot be, or express, a fact that S knows. Therefore, knowledge requires belief.[14] False propositions cannot be, or express, facts, and so cannot be known. Therefore, knowledge requires truth. Finally, S’s being correct in believing that p might merely be a matter of luck. For example, if Hal believes he has a fatal illness, not because he was told so by his doctor, but solel
    Extraction notes

    Validity: Extracted via Max plan + API grounding/validity checks

    Details

    If reliably produced true belief constitutes knowledge without requiring justifi...
    Reliabilist accounts (Goldman 1979) hold that knowledge requires belief produced...
    The failure of JTB across Gettier cases suggests knowledge requires a different ...
    Type
    claim
    Perspectives
    3 (1 for, 2 against)
    Edits
    1 edit