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    Carmelics

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    LoyalLoyalJusticeJustice
    Made withinDC&Austin
    Statements
    321,452
    Perspectives
    108,905
    Topics
    42
    Home/Original/inverse
    See Original
    Inverse View

    It is not the case that Knowledge requires justification as a third condition beyond truth and belief.

    ?Set your confidence on the premises below to see your aggregate.

    Reasons For

    2 perspectives
    Reason for 1 of 2
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    • 1.Gettier (1963) demonstrated that justified true belief is insufficient for knowledge via counterexamples where justification and truth coincide accidentally.
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    • 2.If justification fails to reliably distinguish knowledge from mere lucky true belief in Gettier cases, it cannot serve as the necessary third condition.
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    • 3.The failure of JTB across Gettier cases suggests knowledge requires a different fourth condition (e.g., safety, sensitivity, or proper function), not justification alone.
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    Reason for 2 of 2
    ?
    • 1.Reliabilist accounts (Goldman 1979) hold that knowledge requires belief produced by a reliable cognitive process, not justification in any internalist sense.
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    • 2.An agent can lack internalist justification yet possess knowledge when their true belief is formed via a reliably truth-conducive mechanism.
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    • 3.If reliably produced true belief constitutes knowledge without requiring justification, then justification is not a necessary third condition for knowledge.
      ?

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    Reasons Against

    1 perspective
    Reason against
    ?
    • 1.A knower S may correctly believe proposition p merely by luck.
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    • 2.Accidental or lucky true belief does not constitute knowledge.
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    • 3.A third condition is needed that excludes lucky true belief by requiring S's belief to be justifiably or appropriately held.
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    Strongest counterpoint
    Explore the most compelling reason on the other side.