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    Kreisel and Boolos demonstrated that second-order consequ... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→The above proof of the intermediate value result can be read either as a syntactic derivation from the axioms or as a semantic argument

    Kreisel and Boolos demonstrated that second-order consequence is not axiomatizable, meaning 'derivation from axioms' in second-order logic is inherently incomplete relative to standard semantics.

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    Key Terms

    Boolos(named as the key philosopher making an argument about logic)
    George Boolos was a 20th-century American philosopher and logician who developed new ways of thinking about logic and mathematics, particularly through something called 'plural logic.'
    Incomplete(How Aristotle saw infinity—always in the process of continuing rather than fully done)
    Not finished or not whole; missing something or still in the process of becoming.
    Kreisel(as a historical figure in logic and philosophy of mathematics)
    Georg Kreisel (1923–2015), a mathematical logician who studied how mathematical reasoning works and whether we can be certain about mathematical truths.
    Second-order logic(as used in mathematical logic)
    A formal system that goes beyond basic logic by allowing you to quantify over (talk about) properties and relations themselves, not just individual objects.

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    Standard semantics(as a way of interpreting logical systems)
    The most straightforward interpretation of what logical statements mean in terms of the real world—basically, the 'normal' way of understanding truth.
    axiomatizable(first-order logic (FO))
    A logic is axiomatizable when there is a mechanical way of generating precisely those sentences that are valid (true in all models); equivalently, the set of valid sentences is recursively enumerable
    axioms(Stumpf, 1891)
    Propositions that we assume to be true and necessary, originating in the content of judgments.
    consequence(Buridan's medieval logic)
    A logical relation with necessary truth-preservation (TP) as its fundamental component

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    Proof of definition segments1 linkedPhilosophy of Language1 linked

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    The above proof of the intermediate value result can be read either as a syntact...

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