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    Kripke's necessity of identity entails that if A and B ar... — Carmelics
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    Supports→A = B (the two spheres are identical), which is absurd given that one has a scratch and the other does not — therefore the Principle of Identity of Indiscernibles fails

    Kripke's necessity of identity entails that if A and B are numerically distinct, this is so necessarily, meaning the scratch scenario merely reveals a contingent difference insufficient to ground metaphysical distinctness independently of haecceitism.

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    Key Terms

    Haecceitism
    A theory of primitive identity of individuals across possible worlds.
    Kripke
    Kripke refers to Saul Kripke, an influential American philosopher and logician known for revolutionizing how we think about names, meaning, and possibility. He argued that names like "Albert Einstein" refer directly to the actual person rather than through descriptions of their properties, which changed philosophy fundamentally. His work also introduced "possible worlds" as a way to understand concepts like necessity and possibility, making him one of the most important philosophers of the 20th century.
    Metaphysical distinctness(as used in metaphysics)
    The quality of being genuinely different in terms of what something fundamentally is, not just how it appears or functions.
    Necessarily
    "Necessarily" means something must be true in all possible situations—it's not just true right now, but couldn't be false under any circumstances. For example, "2+2=4 necessarily" means there's no possible way 2+2 could equal anything other than 4. This contrasts with "contingently" true facts, like "it's raining today," which happen to be true but could have been false.

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    Necessity of Identity(Used in Adams's modal argument to derive that possible identity entails possibly necessary identity)
    The modal principle that if two objects are identical, then their identity holds necessarily — i.e., if A = B then necessarily A = B
    contingent difference(contrasting with necessary, unchangeable differences)
    A difference that just happens to exist in our world but could have been otherwise—like how you happened to wear a blue shirt today, but you could have worn red.
    numerically distinct(Used to characterize the parts of the Form that must exist separately in each participant)
    Being distinct in the sense of being different individual tokens, not merely different in kind or quality.
    scratch scenario(an example used to probe whether something is necessarily or contingently true)
    A thought experiment (a made-up imaginary situation) used to test philosophical ideas—in this case, imagining scratching something to see if it changes what it is.

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    Modality & Possibility1 linkedPersonal Identity1 linked

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    A = B (the two spheres are identical), which is absurd given that one has a scra...

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