Kripke treats 'pain' as a rigid designator picking out a purely phenomenal property, but this presupposes a Cartesian conception of mental properties that is independently contested.

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Cartesian: # Cartesian "Cartesian" refers to a system of organizing space using perpendicular lines or axes (usually labeled x, y, and z) that intersect at a point called the origin, allowing you to pinpoint any location using numbers called coordinates. The term comes from René Descartes, a 17th-century French philosopher and mathematician who developed this method as a way to bridge geometry and algebra. You use it every day without thinking about it—GPS coordinates, video game graphics, and even spreadsheet cells all rely on this Cartesian coordinate system.
Independently contested(describing the status of the Cartesian view): Challenged or disagreed with on its own, separate from this particular argument—meaning philosophers have good reasons to doubt this view already.
Kripke: Kripke refers to Saul Kripke, an influential American philosopher and logician known for revolutionizing how we think about names, meaning, and possibility. He argued that names like "Albert Einstein" refer directly to the actual person rather than through descriptions of their properties, which changed philosophy fundamentally. His work also introduced "possible worlds" as a way to understand concepts like necessity and possibility, making him one of the most important philosophers of the 20th century.

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