Linda Zagzebski's dilemma for middle knowledge shows that grounding foreknowledge in God's cognitive situation requires either libertarian-incompatible determination or vicious epistemic regress.
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Linda Zagzebski(named as the originator of the distinction being discussed)
A contemporary American philosopher who specializes in epistemology (the study of knowledge) and philosophy of religion, known for her work on virtue epistemology and divine foreknowledge.
Middle knowledge(Core component of Molinism, as described in Marsh's reply to Maitzen)
God's knowledge of what free creatures would freely do in counterfactual situations
Vicious epistemic regress(as a type of logical problem that undermines an explanation)
A circular chain of reasoning about knowledge where you need to know something to justify knowing something else, forever—a logical dead-end.
determination(Used to explain supervenience-like dependency between entities or properties)
A relation in which the requirements associated with one thing include the requirements associated with another
dilemma(Used in classical rhetoric and logic; discussed by Valla in the context of the Protagoras–Euathlus lawsuit.)
An argument structured so that two mutually exhaustive alternatives each independently entail the same conclusion, leaving the opponent no escape.
grounding(Drawn from contemporary metaphysics; proposed as potentially applicable to understanding the foundations of legality.)
A metaphysical relation in which some entities or facts are more foundational than others, providing a hierarchical structure of the world.
knowledge(Distinguished from mere true belief, which may be the product of indoctrination and need not exercise deliberative capacities.)
Justified true belief — true belief that has been arrived at through the exercise of deliberative capacities, including comparison of and deliberation among alternatives.