- Individualist metaphysics(as used in philosophy of society and ontology)
- A philosophical view that sees society as basically made up of separate individuals with their own independent choices, rather than seeing people as deeply connected to each other.
- Ontology(Carnap argues this enterprise is based on a mistake)
- The philosophical discipline that tries to answer hard questions about what there really is.
- Social ontology(as used in metaphysics and social philosophy)
- The philosophical study of what social things actually are—like whether society, groups, or institutions are real things that exist independently.
- foundational premise(logic/epistemology)
- A basic assumption or starting point that everything else in an argument depends on.
- incompatible(as used to describe conflicting demands or responsibilities)
- Unable to exist or work together at the same time; conflicting with each other.
- luck egalitarianism(Term introduced by Elizabeth Anderson; also known as the level playing field ideal)
- The view that justice requires eliminating inequalities that are unchosen and uncourted, while permitting inequalities that result from individual choices made under equal initial conditions and a fair framework for interaction
- metaphysics(Hartshorne's naturalistic redefinition of metaphysics)
- On Hartshorne's view, the study not of realities beyond the physical, but of features of reality that are ubiquitous or that would exist in any possible world.
- relational equality(Viehoff's egalitarian conception of democratic authority)
- An ideal of equality among persons understood in terms of their standing and power relative to one another in relationships, threatened by subjection.