‘Abd al-Latif reminds that in Aristotle’s science of nature the fundamental epistemological criterion holds that man must start from what is attested to by the senses, to then proceed to what is hidden, until he knows everything which he desires to know. For this reason, he goes on in the study of plants and then of animals. He catalogues their species, and explains the apparatus of organs which each animal species is provided with. Since organs alone are not sufficient to explain animal life, m