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    McTaggart's B-series, which orders events by permanent ea... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→Time is unreal (does not exist).

    McTaggart's B-series, which orders events by permanent earlier-than/later-than relations, constitutes a coherent and empirically adequate conception of time without requiring passage.

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    Key Terms

    A-series(McTaggart's theory of time)
    An objective ordering of events in time according to the determinations of being past, present, and future; not generated merely by an arbitrary choice of a point of time as the present.
    B-series(McTaggart's theory of time, NE §306)
    An ordering of time that relates states of affairs transitively and asymmetrically in terms of earlier and later.
    McTaggart(referring to the philosopher who created the original argument)
    J.M.E. McTaggart was a British philosopher who argued that time itself might not be real, only appearing real to us because of how our minds work.
    coherent(de Finetti's usage in the context of the Dutch Book argument for probabilism)
    A subject is coherent if their unconditional degrees of belief do not permit a Dutch Book (a guaranteed loss through a combination of bets) to be made against them

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    earlier-than/later-than relations(describes how the B-series organizes time)
    The permanent, unchanging relationships between events based on their order—like how January is always earlier than December, no matter what year you're thinking about.
    empirically adequate(philosophy of science)
    A model or theory that correctly predicts what we actually observe in experiments, even if it might not describe what's 'really' happening underneath.
    passage (of time)(what McTaggart's B-series supposedly does NOT require)
    The sense that time flows or moves forward, with the present moment constantly shifting from past toward future—the feeling that 'now' is always moving.

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    Time is unreal (does not exist).

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