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    Moral obligations require identifiable bearers of interes... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→An individual member of the biotic community ought to be sacrificed when doing so is necessary to protect the holistic good of the biotic community

    Moral obligations require identifiable bearers of interests, and attributing supreme intrinsic value to a diffuse ecological aggregate commits a category error that undermines the claim's normative force.

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    Key Terms

    Bearers of interests(as used in ethics)
    Entities (like people or animals) that can have wants, needs, or preferences that matter morally—things that can be helped or harmed.
    Category error(as used in logic and philosophy of language)
    A logical mistake where you apply a rule or concept to something it doesn't actually fit, like using a math formula on a poem.
    Ecological aggregate(as used in environmental philosophy)
    A collection of living things and natural systems grouped together as one unit, like an entire ecosystem or the environment as a whole.
    Supreme intrinsic value(as used in ethics)
    The highest possible inherent worth—saying something is the most important thing that matters for its own sake.
    intrinsic value

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    (Callicott (1980) in contrast to individualistic environmental ethics)
    Value possessed in and of itself, not derived from contribution to something else; in Callicott's holism, attributed exclusively to the biotic community as a whole rather than to individual organisms
    moral obligations
    The sorts of things we can fulfill even if natural inclination is lacking, by exerting an effort of will
    normative force(Used to describe what Korsgaard's account aims to explain)
    The property in virtue of which an agent's reasons are binding on the agent.

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    Environmental Ethics1 linked

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    An individual member of the biotic community ought to be sacrificed when doing s...

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