Ned Block's distinction between access and phenomenal consciousness demonstrates that information-processing metrics systematically underdetermine the presence of subjective 'what it is like' states.

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Information-processing metrics(methods that Block argues are incomplete for understanding consciousness): Ways of measuring consciousness based on how the brain processes and uses information, like measuring brain activity or how quickly neurons fire.
Ned Block(as a philosopher studying consciousness): A contemporary philosopher who studies consciousness and the mind; he's known for arguing that our conscious experiences (like seeing colors) might be fundamentally different from what we can logically imagine or prove.
Subjective 'what it is like' states(another way of describing phenomenal consciousness): The personal, inner experience of something—what an experience feels like from the inside, which is unique to each person.
Underdetermine(in epistemology (theory of knowledge)): When something doesn't give you enough information to figure out the complete answer—it leaves multiple possibilities still open.

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