Nietzsche's genealogical analysis in 'On the Genealogy of Morality' demonstrates that retributive justice historically emerged from and perpetuates creditor-debtor revenge dynamics.

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Creditor-debtor(the relationship dynamics Nietzsche claims justice emerged from): A relationship between someone who is owed something (the creditor) and someone who owes it (the debtor); Nietzsche uses this metaphor to describe how one group historically felt owed 'payment' in the form of revenge against another.
Genealogical analysis(as Foucault's analytical method): A method of investigation that traces how an idea or concept developed over time, showing that it wasn't always 'natural' or inevitable but was actually created by human institutions and choices. It's like investigating the hidden history of something we now take for granted.
Nietzsche: Friedrich Nietzsche was a German philosopher who challenged traditional Western values and argued that people should create their own meaning in life rather than blindly following religion or societal rules. He's famous for ideas like "God is dead" (meaning traditional religion no longer guides modern society) and the concept of the "Übermensch"—an ideal person who overcomes limitations and creates their own values. His work profoundly influenced modern philosophy, psychology, and culture, though his ideas were sometimes misused by others to justify harmful ideologies.

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