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It is not the case that On the procedural account, citizens do not need any specifically moral qualities for the general will to emerge.
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Reasons For
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Reason for 1 of 2
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1.
Rousseau explicitly argues in Book II that citizens must be capable of distinguishing the general will from the will of all, requiring civic virtue.
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2.
The will of all aggregates private interests, so procedural constraints alone cannot prevent citizens from voting selfishly without prior moral orientation.
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3.
Kant's reception of Rousseau treats the general will as requiring autonomous moral reasoning, not merely formal procedural compliance.
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Reason for 2 of 2
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1.
Arrow's impossibility theorem demonstrates that aggregating individual preferences through formal procedures cannot reliably produce coherent collective outcomes.
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2.
If procedural mechanisms are insufficient to generate rational collective choice even under ideal conditions, background equality and cultural similarity cannot compensate.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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The constraints of generality and universality, together with propitious background conditions like rough equality and cultural similarity, are sufficient to produce the general will from the assembly.
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