Once contractualist reasoning treats unchosen disadvantage as a basis for legitimate insurance claims, the distinction between disability and other natural misfortune becomes arbitrary.
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(Debate over Locke's watch passage and natural kind classification)
Does not mean 'random' or that all qualities are equally adequate as differentia; refers instead to the availability of multiple similarly good and natural grounds for classification.
contractualism
A moral theory presented as a genuine alternative to both consequentialism and Kantian ethics, one that coheres with distinctively non-utilitarian intuitions in certain key cases
disability(Stein's utilitarian framework for health care allocation)
Conceptually related to ill-health or functional decrement (impairment); on the utilitarian view, also entails a proportionate reduction in welfare.