Parfit and Railton argue that Williams' appeal to 'correction of factual error' within the S entails that the operative reasons-grounding state is the corrected, idealized desire, not the actual one.

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Parfit: Derek Parfit was a highly influential British philosopher known for revolutionizing how we think about personal identity, morality, and what makes life worth living. He argued that our sense of being a continuous, unified "self" is partly an illusion, and that what really matters is the continuation of our thoughts and experiences, not some invisible thread connecting us through time. His ideas have shaped modern ethics and how philosophers approach questions about identity, responsibility, and how we should treat future generations.
Railton(as a philosopher who developed a key theory in 1984): Peter Railton is a contemporary American philosopher who developed an influential version of consequentialism that tries to address criticisms of the theory.
Williams: # Williams "Williams" is primarily a common English surname derived from the name William, meaning "resolute protector" (from Germanic roots "will" and "helm"). Without additional context, it refers to any person with this last name, though it could also reference a specific notable individual like Robin Williams (acclaimed actor and comedian) or Serena Williams (legendary tennis champion), depending on the situation. The name ranks among the most common surnames in English-speaking countries due to its long historical use.

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