- Parfit
- Derek Parfit was a highly influential British philosopher known for revolutionizing how we think about personal identity, morality, and what makes life worth living. He argued that our sense of being a continuous, unified "self" is partly an illusion, and that what really matters is the continuation of our thoughts and experiences, not some invisible thread connecting us through time. His ideas have shaped modern ethics and how philosophers approach questions about identity, responsibility, and how we should treat future generations.
- Reformulation(as used in philosophy of science)
- Rewording or rephrasing a theory or idea in a new way, sometimes to fix problems or make it clearer.
- asymmetric(as used in logic and epistemology)
- When two things are treated differently or unequally, rather than being balanced or fair—like giving one side of an argument more weight than the other.
- consequentialism(Applied to terrorism and legal punishment)
- The view that practices are judged solely by their consequences, such that a practice is wrong only if it has bad consequences on balance.
- contractualism
- A moral theory presented as a genuine alternative to both consequentialism and Kantian ethics, one that coheres with distinctively non-utilitarian intuitions in certain key cases
- convergence(alternative to consensus-based public reason)
- A model of public justification that allows appeals to religious reasons, thereby not requiring exclusively secular justifications
- question-begging(Epistemology, anti-skeptical argumentation)
- A charge leveled against anti-skeptical arguments that assume what they set out to prove, particularly in Putnamian externalist arguments
- threshold(Threshold model of collective action in networks)
- A numeric value associated with each player representing the minimum number of revolting participants required for that player to revolt.