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Inverse View
It is not the case that Peirce and later externalists argue that reliable cognitive functioning does not require the agent to have conscious access to evidence of that reliability.
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Reasons For
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1.
Without conscious access to reliability evidence, agents cannot distinguish genuine knowledge from lucky guesses or systematically biased beliefs.
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2.
Justified belief requires that the agent can, in principle, articulate why their belief-forming method is trustworthy when challenged.
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3.
Externalism risks making knowledge attributions depend entirely on factors beyond the agent's cognitive control, undermining responsibility and rationality.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Many reliable cognitive processes (perception, memory, intuition) operate unconsciously without requiring introspective access to justify their reliability.
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2.
Requiring conscious evidence of reliability creates an infinite regress: we'd need evidence that our evidence-evaluating process is reliable.
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3.
Evolution selected for reliably functioning cognition long before humans developed metacognitive awareness or epistemic justification frameworks.
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