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    Positing a noumenal realm to ground freedom generates an ... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→Free moral choice must be conceived as taking place in a supersensible or noumenal realm, not in the phenomenal realm governed by deterministic causality.

    Positing a noumenal realm to ground freedom generates an explanatory regress: if noumenal acts are themselves uncaused, they become arbitrary; if caused, they replicate the original problem.

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    Key Terms

    Causation (philosophical)(the central problem being discussed regarding freedom and determinism)
    The relationship where one thing (a cause) brings about or determines another thing (an effect).
    Explanatory regress(the problem Russell identifies when you keep asking 'why' without end)
    A chain of explanations where each answer raises a new question that needs answering, potentially going backward forever without ever reaching a stopping point.
    Freedom (philosophical sense)(what the noumenal realm is being used to explain)
    The ability to make choices or act in a way that isn't completely determined by prior causes or external forces.
    Noumenal realm(refers to things-in-themselves that are fundamentally unknowable)
    In philosophy, the idea that there's a hidden layer of reality that exists beyond what we can perceive or know through our senses and reason.

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    arbitrary(Debate over Locke's watch passage and natural kind classification)
    Does not mean 'random' or that all qualities are equally adequate as differentia; refers instead to the availability of multiple similarly good and natural grounds for classification.
    positing(Fichtean model of self-consciousness)
    The act by which the I establishes or asserts being — both its own being and, through limitation, the being of the non-I
    uncaused(as used in philosophy of causation)
    Something that happens without any reason, explanation, or prior factor making it happen.

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    2 topics

    Causation1 linkedFree Will & Foreknowledge1 linked

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    Free moral choice must be conceived as taking place in a supersensible or noumen...

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