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    Pragmatic self-refutation, recognized from the Sophists t... — Carmelics
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    Supports→The original dilemma can be turned back on the interrogator

    Pragmatic self-refutation, recognized from the Sophists through Wittgenstein's rule-following considerations, holds that one cannot coherently wield a logical tool one is simultaneously exempt from.

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    Key Terms

    Coherently(as describing how these functions work together)
    In a way that is logically consistent and doesn't contradict itself.
    Logical tool(as used in the main statement)
    Any principle, rule, or method of reasoning that you use to argue a point or reach a conclusion (like the rules of logic itself, or standards of evidence).
    The Sophists(as a historical philosophical movement)
    Ancient Greek teachers (around 400 BCE) who were famous for teaching rhetoric and argumentation, but also got a reputation for using clever tricks to win arguments rather than seeking truth.
    Wittgenstein
    Ludwig Wittgenstein was an Austrian-British philosopher who fundamentally changed how people think about language and meaning in the 20th century. He argued that many philosophical problems arise from misunderstanding how words actually work in everyday life, rather than from deep metaphysical mysteries. His ideas influenced not just philosophy but also mathematics, logic, and even how people approach psychology and artificial intelligence today.

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    pragmatic self-refutation(Distinguished from logical self-refutation; applies to the relativist's argumentative practice)
    A position is pragmatically self-refuting when the act of asserting or arguing for it undermines the conditions necessary for that act to succeed
    rule-following considerations(in philosophy of language)
    Wittgenstein's famous puzzle about how we know what rule to follow next: if you learn a rule by seeing examples, how do you know you're applying it correctly to new cases you've never seen before?

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    The original dilemma can be turned back on the interrogator

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