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    Propositional attitude reports are sensitive to the speci... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→Sentences expressing propositional attitudes (such as 'Seneca believed that man is a rational animal') express a relation between agents and propositions, where propositions are objective abstract entities that are the ultimate vehicles of truth and meaning.

    Propositional attitude reports are sensitive to the specific words used, not just abstract truth conditions (Frege's puzzle, Kripke's 'Paderewski' case).

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    Reasons For

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    • 1.Substituting coreferential terms in propositional attitudes changes truth value: 'Oedipus believes he married Jocasta' differs from 'Oedipus believes he married his mother.'
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    • 2.Speakers competent in English distinguish informativeness: learning 'Hesperus is Phosphorus' provides knowledge that 'Hesperus is Hesperus' does not.
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    • 3.Cognitive significance depends on reference modes (senses), not mere reference; identical referents can present objects differently to subjects.
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    Reasons Against

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    • 1.Truth conditions fully determine propositional content; if two reports describe identical possible worlds, they express identical propositions regardless of wording.
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    • 2.Apparent sensitivity to words reflects metalinguistic or pragmatic factors, not genuine differences in attitude content itself.
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    • 3.Internalist cognitive states supervene on brain states; mental content is determined by internal structure, not external naming conventions.
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    Apparent sensitivity to words reflects metalinguistic or pragmatic factors, not ...Cognitive significance depends on reference modes (senses), not mere reference; ...Internalist cognitive states supervene on brain states; mental content is determ...Sentences expressing propositional attitudes (such as 'Seneca believed that man ...
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    Speakers competent in English distinguish informativeness: learning 'Hesperus is...Substituting coreferential terms in propositional attitudes changes truth value:...Truth conditions fully determine propositional content; if two reports describe ...

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