Requiring intentional object-sharing conflates empathy with the more cognitively demanding capacity of perspective-taking, collapsing a distinction central to developmental psychology.

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Cognitively demanding(as used in psychology): Requiring more mental effort and thinking power to do; harder to do with your brain.
Developmental psychology(as empirical evidence in philosophical arguments): The scientific study of how children and organisms grow, learn, and develop mental abilities over time.
Empathy: Empathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of another person—essentially putting yourself in their shoes to grasp what they're experiencing emotionally. It means recognizing someone's emotions and caring about their experience, rather than just knowing about their situation intellectually. Empathy helps us connect with others, communicate with compassion, and respond to people's needs in meaningful ways.
Intentional object-sharing(as used in psychology and philosophy of mind): When two people both focus on and understand the same thing or situation in the same way—like when you and a friend both recognize that someone else is sad and you're thinking about it together.
Perspective-taking(as contrasted with other forms of empathy): The ability to imagine what life looks like from someone else's point of view or to understand how they see a situation.

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