Rowe's 1979 evidential argument operates axiologically by inferring from the existence of pointless suffering to the improbability of omnipotence plus perfect goodness, without requiring a separate deontological premise.

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Evidential argument(as used in logic and argumentation): A type of argument that uses evidence to show something is probably true, rather than definitely true—like saying 'these clues suggest the butler did it' instead of 'the butler definitely did it.'
Rowe(identifies the philosopher being discussed): William Rowe is a philosopher famous for arguing that the existence of suffering in the world makes it hard to believe in an all-powerful, all-knowing God.
axiologically(as the perspective from which the argument operates): In a way that relates to values, worth, or what is good and bad—examining something through the lens of what matters morally or what has value.
deontological premise(as a type of moral reasoning the argument avoids using): A starting assumption based on duty or rules—the idea that some actions are right or wrong in themselves, regardless of their consequences.

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