- Absolutely simple being(as used in metaphysics)
- A thing that has no parts, components, or internal distinctions—it's completely unified and indivisible.
- Critique
- A critique is a careful examination and judgment of something—like a book, film, artwork, or idea—where you identify both its strengths and weaknesses. When you critique something, you're not just saying whether you like it or dislike it; you're explaining *why* it works or doesn't work by analyzing specific details. It's a thoughtful, balanced way of evaluating things that helps others (and yourself) understand them better.
- Identity(Adams treats identity statements as a variety of atomic formula rather than a logical truth exempt from existence presuppositions)
- A relation between an object and itself, expressed as an atomic formula (a=a), subject to the same existence-entailment conditions as other atomic predicates under GSA
- Personal distinctions(as used in metaphysics and theology)
- The idea that different people (or in this case, different aspects of God) are genuinely separate individuals with their own identities.
- Reflexive(describing how the meaning of an utterance can change based on when and where it's said)
- Something that refers back to or depends on itself or the specific situation it's in, rather than being fixed and universal.
- Relatum(as used in logic and metaphysics)
- A thing that stands in a relationship to something else; one of the items being related in a comparison.
- Spinoza
- Baruch Spinoza was a 17th-century Dutch philosopher who argued that God and nature are the same thing, and that everything in the universe is interconnected as one unified whole. He believed that understanding how things work through reason and logic—rather than through emotion or superstition—leads to happiness and freedom. His ideas were revolutionary for his time and continue to influence modern philosophy, theology, and how we think about the relationship between mind and body.
- monism(Used to describe classical utilitarianism as an example of a single-principle moral theory.)
- A moral position that holds there is only one absolute moral principle, such that conflict between principles is impossible.
- numerically distinct(Used to characterize the parts of the Form that must exist separately in each participant)
- Being distinct in the sense of being different individual tokens, not merely different in kind or quality.
- self-understanding(Early Heidegger's hermeneutical phenomenology as adopted by Ricoeur)
- The self-interpretation of human existence, grasped as the enactment of the distinctive possibility of such existence.