- Appendix B paradox(as a named logical problem in Russell's work)
- A specific logical contradiction that Russell discovered, arising from certain assumptions about how types and propositions work together.
- Classes(as mathematical/logical groupings)
- Groups or sets of objects that share something in common; a way of collecting similar things together.
- Russell
- # Russell
Russell most commonly refers to **Bertrand Russell**, a highly influential British philosopher, logician, and social critic (1872-1970) who fundamentally changed how we think about logic, language, and knowledge. He's famous for showing that common-sense reasoning can contain hidden contradictions and for arguing that philosophy should use the precision of mathematics to solve problems. Russell also became a prominent public intellectual who wrote about everything from religion to nuclear weapons, making him one of the most important thinkers of the 20th century.
- Simple Type Theory (STT)(Contrasted with Ramified Type Theory as a framework that does not block the paradox)
- A type-theoretic logical system in which the Appendix B paradox can be derived when supplemented with the Structure principle and a predicate for identity of propositions.
- constituent(Russellian/direct reference theories of propositions)
- An entity that is literally part of a proposition, as the individual themselves is part of a singular proposition
- paradox(R. M. Sainsbury's definition, presented as a target of criticism)
- An apparently unacceptable conclusion derived by apparently acceptable reasoning from apparently acceptable premises
- proposition(Used in the context of a semantic theory sensitive to differences in subject matter.)
- The content expressed by a sentence, individuated at least in part by the subject matter of the sentence and the contents of its subsentential expressions.