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    Spinoza's conflation of the mental and physical within a ... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→A human being is not endowed with freedom in the ordinary sense of the term.

    Spinoza's conflation of the mental and physical within a single deterministic substance begs the question against any two-standpoint account of human agency.

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    Reasons For

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    • 1.Two-standpoint accounts require fundamental ontological dualism between mental and physical domains.
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    • 2.Spinoza's monism explicitly rejects such dualism by treating mind and body as attributes of one substance.
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    • 3.A philosophical system cannot simultaneously endorse and refute the same ontological foundation without circularity.
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    Reasons Against

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    • 1.Spinoza's parallelism allows distinct perspectives on identical events without requiring ontological dualism.
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    • 2.Determinism and two-standpoint agency are compatible; causal determination doesn't eliminate the distinction between mental descriptions and physical descriptions.
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    • 3.Showing Spinoza rejects dualism doesn't prove he begs the question—it merely shows he uses different premises than two-standpoint theorists.
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    Free Will & Foreknowledge1 linkedMoral Responsibility1 linked

    Related

    A human being is not endowed with freedom in the ordinary sense of the term.A philosophical system cannot simultaneously endorse and refute the same ontolog...Determinism and two-standpoint agency are compatible; causal determination doesn...Showing Spinoza rejects dualism doesn't prove he begs the question—it merely sho...
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    Spinoza's monism explicitly rejects such dualism by treating mind and body as at...Spinoza's parallelism allows distinct perspectives on identical events without r...Two-standpoint accounts require fundamental ontological dualism between mental a...

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