Standard cosmology with time-independent gravity suffices to account for the large number coincidence that impressed Dirac, without requiring that gravity varies with time.

Dicke (1961), criticizing Dirac, argues that standard cosmology with time-independent gravity suffices to account for the coincidence, provided that we take into account the fact that our existence is tied to the presence of mainline stars like then sun and of various chemical elements produced in supernovae. As Dicke shows, this requirement dictates that we could only have found ourselves in that cosmic period in which the coincidence holds. Accordingly, contrary to Dirac, there is no reason to