Statistical normality within biological kinds (e.g., species-typical functioning) provides a naturalistic criterion distinguishing normal from pathological events, per Boorse's biostatistical theory.

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Biological kinds(as used in philosophy of biology): Natural groupings of living things that share fundamental features, like different species or types of organisms.
Boorse's biostatistical theory(as used in philosophy of medicine): A philosophical explanation created by Christopher Boorse that says something is healthy or normal when it matches how most members of that species typically function biologically.
Naturalistic criterion(as used in philosophy of science): A standard or test for judging something that is based on how the natural world actually works, rather than on human opinions or values.
Normal from pathological(as used in philosophy of medicine): The difference between healthy, functioning normally (normal) and diseased or malfunctioning (pathological).
Species-typical functioning(as Daniels's definition of what health care should aim to restore): The ability to do the things that are normal or expected for human beings—like walking, thinking, working, and socializing—without major physical or mental limitations.
Statistical normality(as used in philosophy of medicine): When something occurs frequently or is common in a population; the average or typical pattern you'd expect to see most of the time.

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