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    Carmelics

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    Inverse View

    It is not the case that Strict universality indicates a special source of cognition — a faculty of a priori cognition — distinct from empirical sources.

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    Reasons For

    2 perspectives
    Reason for 1 of 2
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    • 1.Strict universality in judgments can be explained as a cognitive habit formed by sufficiently uniform and repeated experience, as Hume argued in the Treatise.
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    • 2.The inference from 'we cannot imagine an exception' to 'no exception is possible' conflates psychological necessity with logical or ontological necessity.
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    • 3.If psychological compulsion suffices to explain our commitment to universal causal claims, positing a separate a priori faculty is an unnecessary ontological multiplication.
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    Reason for 2 of 2
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    • 1.W.V.O. Quine's holism demonstrates that no judgment is immune to revision in light of experience, dissolving the analytic/synthetic and a priori/a posteriori distinctions Kant relies upon.
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    • 2.If strict universality is revisable under extreme empirical pressure, as scientific history shows with Newtonian mechanics, it does not indicate a categorically distinct cognitive source.
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    Reasons Against

    1 perspective
    Reason against
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    • 1.Empirical universality is merely an arbitrary augmentation from 'valid in most cases' to 'valid in all cases'.
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    • 2.Where strict universality essentially belongs to a judgment, it cannot be accounted for by empirical augmentation.
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    • 3.A judgment that essentially requires strict universality must therefore derive from a non-empirical, a priori cognitive faculty.
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