The conditionalfallacy occurs when a theory claims an agent has a reason to do A only if the agent would be motivated under certain conditions, yet those very conditions eliminate the reason.
The party in a principal-agent relationship who is instructed to produce the good or service on the principal's behalf — in the medical context, the doctor
conditional fallacy(Critique of contract theory, particularly deliberative contractualism)
The error that occurs when a conditional involving counterfactual agents fails to apply to real agents because the counterfactual agents are sufficiently different from the real agents the conditional is meant to govern
(Nontrivial) Counterfactual Motivation versions of internalism are sometimes accused of committing a ‘conditional fallacy’ (named by Shope (1978)). To commit this ‘fallacy’ is to claim that it is necessary for an agent’s having a reason to do A that he would be motivated under certain conditions to do A, when there are some reasons that the agent can have only if precisely those conditions do not obtain. For example, some versions of internalism appeal to counterfactuals involving full rationali