The informativeness of 'Hesperus is Phosphorus' is fully explained by epistemic differences in how agents acquire names, requiring no difference in semantic content between the names themselves.

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Epistemic: "Epistemic" relates to knowledge—how we know things, what counts as knowledge, and whether we can trust what we believe to be true. It comes from the Greek word for knowledge and is used to describe questions about the reliability and validity of our beliefs and understanding. For example, "epistemic humility" means acknowledging the limits of what you can actually know for certain.
Hesperus and Phosphorus(as a historical philosophical reference): Two ancient names for the same celestial object (the planet Venus), used as a famous philosophical example because people didn't realize they referred to the same thing.
Reference (or referring)(as related to what names mean versus how we discover them): What a name or word points to or picks out in the world; for example, the name 'Aristotle' refers to the actual philosopher who lived in ancient Greece.
informativeness(Floridi's distinction between informativeness and strongly semantic information): A property of statements distinct from strongly semantic information; a statement's degree of informativeness is independent of its truth value and tracks how much useful content it conveys
semantic content(Cappelen and Lepore's literalist/minimalist framework): Propositions determined solely by conventions of meaning, precisification, disambiguation, and reference fixing — not by pragmatic inference.

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