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    Inverse View

    It is not the case that The objection that digital machines are deterministic while humans are not does not establish a relevant difference between humans and digital machines, even in a non-deterministic world.

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    Reasons For

    1 perspective
    Reason for
    ?
    • 1.If the world is non-deterministic, digital machines can be programmed to behave non-deterministically by allowing them to access input from non-deterministic features of the world.
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    • 2.Therefore, the deterministic nature of digital machine operations is not an intrinsic or necessary feature that distinguishes them from humans in a non-deterministic world.
      ?

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    Reasons Against

    2 perspectives
    Reason against 1 of 2
    ?
    • 1.Quantum indeterminacy, even if present in neural processes, does not straightforwardly generate the kind of rational agency or consciousness that critics claim digital machines lack.
      ?

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    • 2.Penrose and Hameroff's quantum-consciousness thesis remains empirically contested, meaning non-determinism cannot be reliably assigned explanatory primacy for human distinctiveness.
      ?

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    • 3.A digital machine with access to a hardware random-number generator exploiting quantum noise satisfies any operational indeterminacy requirement that human neurons could plausibly satisfy.
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    Reason against 2 of 2
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    • 1.Turing's functionalist framework entails that cognitive equivalence is determined by input-output behavior, not by the causal substrate producing that behavior.
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    • 2.If determinism were behaviorally undetectable in humans—as compatibilists like Dennett argue it is—then it cannot serve as a criterion for distinguishing machine from human cognition.
      ?

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