The ontological conditions Berkeley and Leibniz invoke for substantiality (unity, activity, persistence) are satisfied by biological organisms without requiring those organisms to be mental entities.

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Berkeley(as the author being discussed): George Berkeley was an Irish philosopher from the 1600s-1700s who argued that physical objects don't exist independently of being perceived—they only exist because someone is thinking about or observing them.
Conditions (ontological conditions)(as used in metaphysics): Requirements or criteria that something must meet in order to count as a real, existing thing according to a particular philosophical view.
Leibniz: Leibniz is a German philosopher and mathematician from the 1600s-1700s who developed calculus (a powerful math tool for measuring change and areas) independently around the same time as Isaac Newton. He's famous for creating much of the notation we still use in mathematics today and for arguing that everything in the universe follows logical principles. His ideas profoundly influenced modern science, mathematics, and philosophy, making him one of history's most important thinkers.
Mental entities(as used in the statement)

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Things that are fundamentally made of or dependent on minds—thoughts, ideas, or consciousness—rather than physical matter.

Ontological

"Ontological" refers to questions about what actually exists or is real. It's concerned with the fundamental nature of being—asking "What kinds of things are there?" rather than "How do we know about them?" For example, an ontological question might be whether numbers, ideas, or God actually exist as real things, or if they're just human inventions.

Substantiality(as used in metaphysics)

The quality of being a real, independent thing that exists on its own, rather than just a property or appearance of something else.

activity(Sarvāstivāda-Vaibhāṣika Abhidharma metaphysics)

A dharma's causal function of precipitating the next moment within its own consciousness series; also called horizontal causality.

persistence(Weyl's distinction between two kinds of constancy)

Constancy maintained because a quantity is isolated and undisturbed, as opposed to actively adjusted

unity(Derived from being by adding the notion of indivision alone.)

Being that is undivided; the concept of being with the purely negative addition of indivision.

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The ontological conditions Berkeley and Leibniz invoke for substantiality (unity, activity, persistence) are satisfied by biological organisms without requiring those organisms to be mental entities.

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