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    The Stoic tradition, from Epictetus to Marcus Aurelius, h... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→What humans ultimately seek is pleasure or delectation, both in this life and in the life to come.

    The Stoic tradition, from Epictetus to Marcus Aurelius, holds that virtue is the only genuine good and that external pleasures are 'indifferents' incapable of constituting ultimate ends.

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    Key Terms

    Epictetus(as a Stoic philosopher referenced in the statement)
    An ancient Roman philosopher (around 50-135 AD) who taught that freedom comes from controlling what you can control (your thoughts and choices) and accepting what you cannot (external events).
    Marcus Aurelius(as a famous Stoic philosopher)
    A Roman emperor (121-180 CE) who was also a Stoic philosopher and wrote a famous journal of philosophical reflections called 'Meditations.'
    Stoic tradition(historical philosophical movement)
    An ancient Greek and Roman school of philosophy that taught people to find peace by focusing on what they can control (their thoughts and actions) and accepting what they cannot.
    Ultimate ends(as used in ethics and action analysis)
    The final, real goals or purposes that someone is actually trying to achieve, even if they don't openly admit them.

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    indifferents(Stoic ethics; Marcus Aurelius's derivation from providence)
    Things such as wealth, reputation, and health that are neither good nor bad in the Stoic sense, because they are distributed indiscriminately among the virtuous and the vicious.
    virtue(Valla's voluntarist account of virtue)
    A quality that resides in the will, governing actions to which moral qualifications are assigned.

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    Consequentialism1 linkedVirtue Ethics1 linked

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    What humans ultimately seek is pleasure or delectation, both in this life and in...

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