- Awareness(in philosophy of mind and epistemology)
- Direct knowledge or conscious experience of something happening right now.
- Bodily motions(in philosophy of mind and perception)
- Physical movements of the body.
- Leibniz
- Leibniz is a German philosopher and mathematician from the 1600s-1700s who developed calculus (a powerful math tool for measuring change and areas) independently around the same time as Isaac Newton. He's famous for creating much of the notation we still use in mathematics today and for arguing that everything in the universe follows logical principles. His ideas profoundly influenced modern science, mathematics, and philosophy, making him one of history's most important thinkers.
- Occasioned perception(in early modern philosophy)
- The idea that perception (seeing, hearing, etc.) happens because God or some outside force causes it to occur at a particular moment, rather than your body directly creating it.
- Premise
- A premise is a statement or fact that you assume to be true as a starting point for reasoning or making an argument. Think of it as the foundation or building block you use to reach a conclusion—for example, "All dogs are animals" and "My pet is a dog" are premises that lead to the conclusion "My pet is an animal." Premises are essentially the evidence or claims you offer before drawing a final conclusion.
- causal model(the statement critiques the assumption that agency works through a simple cause-and-effect chain)
- A framework for thinking about how one thing causes another—like billiard balls knocking into each other in a straight line of cause-and-effect.
- pre-established harmony(Leibniz's early career writings; introduced to resolve the tension between the independence of substances and the requirement that each represent the whole universe)
- A doctrine introduced on truth-theoretical grounds, holding that God, in his goodness and preference for a maximally harmonious world, has established that each substance truly represents all other substances in the universe, even though finite substances exist independently of one another.